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Had the formidable white arc of the Hoover dam never held back the Colorado River, the US west would probably have no Los Angeles or Las Vegas as we know them today. This website, provided by the National Archives and Records Administration, features a 1981 film that combines three short films dating from earlier periods. LESSON NO. Wed need three or four above average years, back to back, to restore the lake. Standard D - The student identifies and uses processes important to reconstructing and reinterpreting the past, such as using a variety of sources, providing, validating, and weighing evidence for claims, checking credibility of sources, and searching for causality. We came back up from Laughlin so we could stop at the dam. 5) Seven historic photos. In 2010, in the United States there were 38,364 reported suicide deaths. Things look pretty grim. To people who have not taken our engineering course, it seems pretty tough to dry out a river, but actually its a cinch. In June, the level of Lake Mead plunged below 1,075ft, a point that will trigger, for the first time, federally mandated cuts in water allocations next year. 2 The shovels had to remove about 130 feet of soil and loose rock before they could get down to solid rock. LESSON NO. Then divide the class into small groups. How much money has been allotted to secure the dam? This is an engineering victory of the first orderanother great achievement of American resourcefulness, American skill and determination. Which are in the Upper Basin and which are in the Lower Basin? 6) To identify public works in their own local community. Standard I - The student explains the relationship between policy statements and action plans used to address issues of public concern. Drying up the river.It is necessary to have the spot where you intend to build your dam as dry as possible. Activity 1: Which Job Would You Want? 3) To explain the steps in the construction process and their dangers. We no longer allow access to the interior of the dam by movie companies. The wellspring of Lake Mead created by the dams blocking of the Colorado River has plummeted to a historic low as states in the west face hefty cuts in their water supplies. ad the formidable white arc of the Hoover dam never held back the Colorado River, the US west would probably have no Los Angeles or Las Vegas as we know them today. Explain your answer. Are there some kinds of works that only government can build? It prevents disastrous floods. It came roaring down the canyons of the Colorado, through Grand Canyon, Iceberg and Boulder Canyons, but it was caught and safely held behind Boulder Dam. Additional money is allocated for security work on . 1. But the wellspring of Lake Mead, created by the dams blocking of the Colorado River and with the capacity to hold enough water to cover the entire state of Connecticut 10ft deep, has now plummeted to an historic low. Simple? The smallest blocks were about 25 feet by 25 feet square, and the largest blocks were about 25 feet by 60 feet. The public feels . In the early 20th century, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation devised plans for a massive dam on the Arizona-Nevada border to tame the Colorado River and provide water and hydroelectric . They hired and housed the workers. There is a fee for parking. In a little over two years this great national work has accomplished much. The builders soon constructed an observation platform on the canyon rim to keep the tourists away from the construction site. Why do you think Six Companies was so anxious to get this part of the project done quickly? Reread Lesson No. Reclamation engineers began to study the Colorado River soon after passage of the Reclamation Act in 1902. They may be surprised at how old and how impressive some of these structures are. Wictionary website, accessed 1/30/2011. Weve known this point will arrive because weve continued to use more water than the river provides for years, said Kathryn Sorensen, a water policy expert at Arizona State University. If the two don't match, the vehicle is turned away. A few hundred miles north, a fast-moving wildfire incinerated the town of Lytton in British Columbia the day after it set a Canadian temperature record of 121F (49.4C). Anyone who doesn't allow inspection of their vehicle is turned around. This morning I came, I saw and I was conquered, as everyone would be who sees for the first time this great feat of mankind. Obviously you must not allow this to happen when you are building a dam. There are 582 miles of cooling pipe in the am to control the temperature of the concrete and prevalent cracks. Can you think of ways to translate those numbers into comparisons with more familiar things, so that it would be easier to get a sense of how big the project was? Why do you think so many people came to this remote and hostile location looking for work? 2. Gunderson: We have installed vehicle checkpoints; one on the Nevada side, and one on the Arizona side. Those managing dam security are bound by a host of government regulations and security standards including Homeland Security Presidential Directives and regulations and standards enforced by the North American Electrical Reliability Council (NERC). 2. If the states did not agree with what you recommended, who do you think should have the right to make a final decision? Trace the course of the Colorado River. It held back what was then, and still is, the largest man-made lake in the United States. Divide students into small groups and ask them to investigate examples of public works in their own community. It provides water and hydroelectric power to millions of households in Nevada, Arizona and California, while controlling the . Why do you think they did that? Download the official NPS app before your next visit. It will divert U.S. 93 traffic downstream from the dam. Our choices were based on those which were obvious, from the list of the ancient world wonders, massive, man-made, and enduring. Why do you think that might have been the case? Primarily employees and contractors, who must meet specific security restrictions. Explain your answer. And now nature is going to bend us.. The compact also committed the U.S. government to providing some of the water to Mexico. It was one of the most ambitious projects of the early 20th century, requiring millions of cubic feet of concrete and tens. Finally, ask the students to consider what effect building a new dam might have on these problems. 5. Other historic photos show dense rows of men working close together on the canyon walls. It was a hot day and the ice cream is really yummy from the kiosk although a little pricey but so worth it. As the globe warms up, the west will dry out, said Williams. Ask each of the other groups to study one of the six "wonders" (excluding Hoover Dam) on Corporal Ward's list. Lake Mead, the reservoir created by the Hoover Dam, is the largest reservoir in America. Standard C - The student identifies and describes selected historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the rise of civilizations, the development of transportation systems, the growth and breakdown of colonial systems, and others. 4 The dam was built in interlocking blocks. "The upper basin states on the Colorado River Wyoming, Colorado New Mexico, and Utah were . They paid for all supplies and inspected the contractors work. Answer (1 of 5): I have no specific knowledge on this topic but that's doesn't stop the President of the United States, so I'll go ahead and give you an opinion that's hopefully not useless. They were looking for places to build dams to store the water from the annual spring runoff, releasing it gradually during the summer for irrigation. 8 Why did many people think something needed to be done to control the Colorado River? As you make each section of pipe, X-ray it for defects. Also in 1922, congressional representatives from California introduced a bill to authorize Reclamation to build the big dam on the lower Colorado. The lesson was written by Marilyn Harper, historian, and edited by Teaching with Historic Places and Reclamation staff. Ask each group to report back to the class. LESSON NO. How safe do you think this would have been? more. But especially, we express our gratitude to the thousands of workers who gave brain and brawn to this great work of construction. Across the desert and mountains to the west and south run great electric transmission lines by which factory motors, street and household lights and irrigation pumps will be operated in Southern Arizona and California. The New Deal was famous for using public works projects to put Americans back to work. They are then inspected and allowed to pass. 1) To list five factors that led to the construction of Hoover Dam. In the early 21st century, almost a million visitors a year still come to see the great dam on the Colorado River. The tour began at the Hoover Dam Police Department in the Security Command Center, where the security staff monitors the various security, access control, and communications systems on a 24/7 basis. 1. There are two places where the river forms the boundary between two states. Which of those would they select as their "Seven Wonders"? Security training and exercises for the police and security officers is conducted frequently often with other federal and local law enforcement agencies to provide them with familiarity of the facility. Boulder Dam and the powerhouses together cost a total of $108,000,000. Ill continue to watch the weather, every day., Lake Mead: largest US reservoir falls to historic low amid devastating drought, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Lake Mead behind the Hoover dam from the Arizona side. The lime in cement causes it to get hot when it is mixed with water. The company requesting a permit lists its point of origin and delivery, submits a listing of its drivers, and provides appropriate detailed information such as driver's license number, complete with photo. Ask the students to identify as many places as they can that have those characteristics. But since 2000, scientists say the rivers flow has dwindled by 20% compared to the previous centurys average. By this time, they were among the most knowledgeable and experienced dam builders in the world, but even they had never done anything this big. Describe the shelter shown in Photo 2. 2. It is awesome! Repeat as necessary. 4. I promise I'll get into more details in this travel guide. Standard G - The student applies knowledge of how groups and institutions work to meet individual needs and promote the common good. 2. Over 75 years later, Hoover Dam continues its multiple roles in flood control, power generation, and as a major supplier of water in the Southwestern U.S. See also: New Cyber-Security Standards for N. American Power System. instructions on Have students list as many kinds of work as they can based on the readings and the images. Structural steel, nuts, boltsand other stuff like that18 million pounds. Questions for Reading 2 3) Two documents, a "Short Course in Engineering" and selections from President Roosevelt's speech at the dedication of Hoover Dam in 1935; Its reservoir was the largest artificial lake in the world for decades and is still the largest in the United States. In the guts of the Hoover dam, down bronze-clad elevators and through terrazzo corridors, a line of enormous turbines help funnel water out downstream, creating hydro-power electricity for more than 1m households in the process. Know That Visiting The Hoover Dam Is Free The Hoover Dam is free to visit. Where does it start? Hoover Dam was the first of those on the map. Hoover Dam, formerly called Boulder Dam, dam in Black Canyon on the Colorado River, at the Arizona-Nevada border, U.S. What might be the advantages of each type of ownership? 5. Everything looks small. By this time, too, developers in Los Angeles and other rapidly growing cities in Southern California had added their powerful support for the project. Once we got on the other side the traffic was stopped trying to get down in there. Should second tier cuts occur, Arizona will lose nearly a fifth of the water it gets from the Colorado River. Although not shown in the illustration, all of the features shown in the cut-away are duplicated on the other side of the dam. Each spillway, designed to let floodwaters pass without harming the dam itself, can handle the volume of water that flows over Niagara Falls. 6 No dreams of relocating to live in a tamed desert. 3. We inspect vehicles, whether full or empty. If students identify a neglected public works project, they may want to consider creating a PowerPoint presentation to present to local government authorities to call attention to the problem. Herbert Hoover, at that time the secretary of commerce for Republican President Calvin Coolidge, led the discussions. Securing the dam and providing a safe experience for the many visitors requires a robust security program. 2. What do you think is going on in this image? Activity 4: Public Works in the Local Community How long would it take for the concrete in the dam to cool by itself? We have helped mankind by the works themselves and, at the same time, we have created the necessary purchasing power to throw in the clutch to start the wheels of what we call private industry. The river, and dam, made the west; now the climate crisis threatens to break it. They contribute to the economic development of the United States and to the social welfare of the American public. Others may be simply old. If you had to decide how much of the river's water each state could have, what factors might you consider? Some of the public works in the community may be historic; students might want to consider nominating them to national or state registers of historic places or including them in walking or driving tours or in on-line travel itineraries for presentation to the local chamber of commerce. This image shows three views of the dam. Only a huge dam could stand up to the pressure of so much water. Ice plantyouve got to have a plant capable of turning out about 2 million pounds of ice a day. Ask them to consider all kinds of jobs. Standard F - The student describes physical system changes such as seasons, climate and weather, and the water cycle and identifies geographic patterns associated with them. Roosevelt strongly defended the work relief projects for which his administration was famous. Topics: This lesson could be used in American history, social studies, government, and civics courses in units on the Great Depression and the New Deal, American political history, or the history of technology. But the dam also had an entirely unexpected result, one that began while it was still under construction. The past two years have been shocking to me, I never thought I would see downtown LA reach 111F as its so close to the ocean, but we have some of the driest conditions in 1,200 years so the dice are loaded for more heatwaves and fires. This lesson is one in a series that brings the important stories of historic places into classrooms across the country. The Hoover Dam is one of the crown jewels of American infrastructure. Do you think you would have wanted to do work like this? Look at the drawing in the upper right hand corner. The bridge is located high in the mountains above the dam. How many men can you count in Photo 1? Standard 2AThe student demonstrates understanding of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. The U.S. Reclamation Service, renamed the Bureau of Reclamation in 1923, was created to design and build these systems. In 1924, Reclamation reported that 143,000 people lived on the agency's 24 irrigation projects and that farm earnings for that year totaled $70 million.